Prevalence of Hyperuricemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Descriptive Study

Background: Hyperuricemia is frequently observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and is often associated with a decrease in the renal excretion of uric acid. Increasing serum uric acid (SUA) could not be solely the result of renal dysfunction but act as a factor for the progression of renal dysfunction, as emerged evidence suggests. Material and Methods: To assess the frequency of hyperuricemia in patients with CKD and its relationship with renal function tests and associated co-morbidities. Design is a descriptive study was carried out among patients who were diagnosed with CKD (Stages 2-5) of 100 individuals. Serum uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed. One-way ANOVA was used to compare SUA among the various stages of CKD and Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the association between SUA and renal parameters. Results: Hyperuricemia was present in 68.0% of the people in the study. The mean SUA level was significantly different with different stages of CKD (p < 0.001). There was strong positive correlation with SUA and serum creatinine (r = +0.62) and blood urea (r = +0.55) and strong negative correlation with eGFR (r = −0.68). There was significant correlation between hyperuricemia and hypertension (79.4%) and diabetes mellitus (61.8%). Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is very common in persons with CKD, and is associated with clinically relevant cardiovascular comorbidities and the degree of renal impairment. In comprehensive treatment of CKD patients, it is possible that it is necessary to set up a uric acid monitoring and management plan.

Keywords: Hyperuricemia, Chronic Kidney Disease, Serum Uric Acid, Renal Function, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), Kidney Disease.