Oral Manifestations in Various Dermatological Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Oral mucosal lesions may accompany, precede, or provide diagnostic clues to dermatological disease, yet their clinical spectrum is often underrecognized. The objective is to evaluate the frequency, morphology, anatomical distribution, and associated factors of oral manifestations among patients with dermatological disorders. Material and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 72 patients with dermatological disease and associated oral lesions. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, and all participants underwent structured cutaneous and oral examination. Diagnoses were based on clinical findings, with histopathological confirmation when indicated. Results: The mean age was 34.51 ± 16.29 years, and 51.4% were female. Lichen planus was the most frequent diagnosis (15.3%), followed by pemphigus vulgaris (11.1%), oral candidiasis (9.7%), lip vitiligo (9.7%), and discoid lupus erythematosus (8.3%). Pigmentary change (41.7%), plaque (30.6%), crusting (29.2%), and erosion (26.4%) were the predominant morphologies. The lips were most commonly involved (56.9%), followed by the buccal mucosa (33.3%) and tongue (18.1%). Diagnostic categories differed significantly by age (p=0.001) but not by sex. Conclusion: Oral manifestations in dermatological disease are diverse and clinically informative. Routine oral examination may facilitate earlier diagnosis and appropriate multidisciplinary management.

Keywords: oral manifestations; dermatological diseases; oral mucosa; lichen planus; pemphigus vulgaris.