Histopathological Spectrum of Neoplastic Lesions in Nephrectomy Specimens

Background: Renal neoplasms comprise a wide spectrum of tumors that differ not only in their histomorphological features but also in their tumorigenesis, biological behaviour, and clinical prognosis. Histopathological evaluation remains crucial to accurately diagnose and classify renal tumors, as well as to establish important prognostic parameters such as tumor size, histological subtype, nuclear grade, and pathological stage, particularly in malignant lesions. The present study aimed to evaluate the histopathological features of various renal neoplasms in nephrectomy specimens and to analyse their distribution according to age and gender. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, in association with the Department of Urology and Surgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.). The study included 86 nephrectomy specimens submitted for histopathological examination to the Department of Pathology. Relevant clinical and demographic data of the patients were collected and analysed using a predesigned proforma. Results: A total of 86 nephrectomy specimens were studied and analysed. Among these, neoplastic lesions were identified in 17 cases (19.8%). The majority of neoplastic lesions (6 cases; 35.3%) were between 41–50 years of age, followed by 5 cases (29.4%) in the 51–60 years age group. Males (11cases; 64.7%) were more commonly affected than females (6 cases; 35.3%). The youngest patient was 33 years old male and the oldest was a 67 years old male. Among the malignant tumors, Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma was the most frequent, accounting for 7 cases (41.2%), followed by Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma 3 cases (17.6%), and Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma 2 cases (11.8%). Rare entities included 1 case each of Angiomyolipoma, Moderately Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvicalyceal System, Low-Grade Myxoid Liposarcoma, and Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor with malignant transformation. Additionally, 1 case of Invasive Adenocarcinoma arising from a ureteric mass of a duplex ureter with pyonephrosis was also reported. Conclusion: A detailed histopathological examination is essential for the accurate diagnosis and classification of renal neoplasms. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach is crucial for optimal patient management and improved prognostic outcomes.

Keywords: Nephrectomy, Neoplasm, Histopathology.