Comparative Study Between Radiological Outcome of Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty and Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Study

Background: The objective is to compare the radiological outcomes of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty and conventional total knee arthroplasty at six months of follow-up. Material and Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted at IMS and SUM Hospital Bhubaneswar, and included 38 patients aged 40–80 years undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty for end-stage osteoarthritis. Patients were allocated to conventional TKA (n = 21) or robotic-assisted TKA (n = 17). Radiological assessment was performed preoperatively, on postoperative day 2, at six weeks, and at six months. Results: All 38 patients underwent TKA for osteoarthritis. The conventional group included 12 females (57.1%), while the robotic-assisted group included 10 females (58.8%). The mean body mass index was 31.0 kg/m² in the conventional group and 32.05 kg/m² in the robotic-assisted group. The mean alpha angle improved from 93° preoperatively to 96° at postoperative day 2 and remained stable at six weeks and six months in both groups. The mean beta angle improved from 88° in the conventional group and 89° in the robotic-assisted group preoperatively to 90° in both groups postoperatively. The mean gamma angle was 5.5° in the conventional group and 6° in the robotic-assisted group, while the mean sigma angle was 86° in both groups throughout follow-up. All patients achieved acceptable alpha, beta, and gamma angles, while one sigma-angle outlier was observed. Conclusion: It is concluded that robotic-assisted and conventional total knee arthroplasty produced comparable early radiological outcomes at six months of follow-up. Both techniques achieved satisfactory coronal and sagittal component alignment, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Keywords: Total knee arthroplasty, robotic-assisted TKA, conventional TKA, radiological outcome, component alignment, osteoarthritis.