Assessment of Serum Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Correlation with Coronary Angiographic Severity in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD). Its role in determining the severity of CAD in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains an area of active research. The study assessed the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and angiographic severity of CAD using SYNTAX score and vessel involvement, while also evaluating relationships with individual arterial involvement, LVEF, and other relevant clinical parameters. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 150 ACS patients. Serum vitamin D was categorized by status, while coronary angiography assessed CAD severity using SYNTAX score and vessel involvement. Correlation, Chi-square, and ANOVA tests were applied, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Most patients (78.7%) had vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Vitamin D levels inversely correlated with SYNTAX score (r = –0.301, p < 0.001) and diseased vessels (r = –0.176, p = 0.031). No significant associations were observed with arterial involvement or LVEF, while conventional risk factors were prevalent. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels were inversely associated with coronary artery disease severity in acute coronary syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency may help identify patients with severe CAD and represents a potentially modifiable risk factor. Large prospective studies are needed to establish causality and assess whether vitamin D supplementation improves cardiovascular outcomes.

Keywords: Vitamin D, Acute Coronary Syndrome, SYNTAX Score, Coronary Artery Disease, Angiographic Severity, LVEF.