A Study on Prevalence and Correlates of Port Site Infections in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at a Tertiary Care Centre in Bihar

Background: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of port site infections (PSI) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary care centre in Bihar. The study specifically aimed to identify risk factors such as age, port creation techniques, and the impact of biliary spillage on infection rates. Material and Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted between June 2025 and December 2025 at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Patna. A sample size of 421 patients aged 18 years and older was included. Patients with immunocompromised status or those whose surgeries were converted to open procedures were excluded. Data were collected through history taking, clinical examination, and microbiological analysis, including culture and sensitivity and CBNAAT for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results: Out of 421 patients, 23 (5.46%) developed port site infections. PSI was significantly more common in females (79%) and in the 40–50 years age group. Key findings included: Risk Factors: Infection prevalence was significantly higher in patients who underwent open port creation (60%) and those who experienced bile spillage (73.9%, p < 0.001). Port Site: The umbilical port was the most common site of infection (47.8%, p < 0.005). Microbiology: Gram-negative organisms were the most common pathogens (33.3%). Chronic discharging sinuses were specifically associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria. Outcome: Infected patients had significantly longer hospital stays, often exceeding 72 hours. Conclusion: Port site infection remains a noteworthy complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with a prevalence of 5.4% in this study. Biliary spillage, open port creation, and umbilical port usage are significant risk factors for infection. While superficial infections by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are common, clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for atypical mycobacteria in cases of chronic, non-healing deep surgical site infections.

Keywords: Port site Infection, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Umbilical port, Atypical Mycobacteria, Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria, Surgical Site Infection (SSI).