A Spectrum of Functional Constipation in A Tertiary Care Centre in North Karnataka

Background: Functional constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder affecting individuals across all age groups, significantly impacting quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, variations in clinical presentation and contributing factors often remain underreported, especially in tertiary care settings in India. The aim is to evaluate the clinical spectrum, demographic distribution, and associated factors of functional constipation in patients attending a tertiary care centre in North Karnataka. Material and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in North Karnataka over a period of 18 months. Patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of functional constipation were included based on standard diagnostic criteria such as the Rome IV criteria. Detailed history, clinical examination, dietary habits, lifestyle factors, and associated comorbidities were recorded. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Functional constipation was more prevalent among age group of 41 to 50 years with slight female predominance. The most common symptoms observed were infrequent bowel movements, straining during defecation, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation. Dietary factors such as low fiber intake and inadequate fluid consumption were significantly associated with constipation. Sedentary lifestyle and psychological stress were also identified as contributing factors. A subset of patients reported chronic symptoms with considerable impact on daily activities and quality of life. Conclusion: Functional constipation presents with a wide clinical spectrum and is influenced by multiple modifiable lifestyle and dietary factors. Early identification and targeted interventions focusing on lifestyle modification may improve patient outcomes and reduce disease burden in tertiary care settings.

Keywords: Functional constipation, Rome IV criteria, bowel habits, lifestyle factors, tertiary care, North Karnataka.